Simple python spectrograph with shoebot

Posted on May 17, 2010 by stu

Seeing”Realtime FFT Graph of Audio WAV File or Microphone Input with Python…” on python.reddit.com reminded me of one I’d built in python with shoebot.

While it works OK, I feel like I’m missing a higher level audio library (especially having seen Minim, for C++ and Java).

To run it in shoebot:

sbot -w audiobot.bot

audiobot.bot

# Major library imports
import atexit
import pyaudio
from numpy import zeros, short, fromstring, array
from numpy.fft import fft

NUM_SAMPLES = 512
SAMPLING_RATE = 11025

def setup():
    size(350, 260)
    speed(SAMPLING_RATE / NUM_SAMPLES)

_stream = None

def read_fft():
    global _stream
    pa = None

    def cleanup_audio():
        if _stream:
            _stream.stop_stream()
            _stream.close()
        pa.terminate()

    if _stream is None:
        pa = pyaudio.PyAudio()
        _stream = pa.open(format=pyaudio.paInt16, channels=1,
                           rate=SAMPLING_RATE,
                           input=True, frames_per_buffer=NUM_SAMPLES)
        atexit.register(cleanup_audio)

    audio_data  = fromstring(_stream.read(NUM_SAMPLES), dtype=short)
    normalized_data = audio_data / 32768.0

    return fft(normalized_data)[1:1+NUM_SAMPLES/2]

def flatten_fft(scale = 1.0):
    """
    Produces a nicer graph, I'm not sure if this is correct
    """
    for i, v in enumerate(read_fft()):
        yield scale * (i * v) / NUM_SAMPLES

def triple(audio):
    '''return bass/mid/treble'''
    c = audio.copy()
    c.resize(3, 255 / 3)
    return c

def draw():
    '''Draw 3 different colour graphs'''
    global NUM_SAMPLES
    audio = array(list(flatten_fft(scale = 80)))
    freqs = len(audio)
    bass, mid, treble = triple(audio)

    colours = (0.5, 1.0, 0.5), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0.2, 0.5)

    fill(0, 0, 1)
    rect(0, 0, WIDTH, 400)
    translate(50, 200)

    for spectrum, col in zip((bass, mid, treble), colours):
        fill(col)
        for i, s in enumerate(spectrum):
            rect(i, 0, 1, -abs(s))
        else:
            translate(i, 0)

    audio = array(list(flatten_fft(scale = 80)))

Cairo: Surface for recording commands and playback

Posted on May 13, 2010 by stu

An update on my latest cairo adventures…

When cairo 1.10 comes out we’ll get a RecordingSurface so you can record commands and play them back to another surface, but how to do something similar now ?

Skip to the end if you just want the code, explanation of how I got there ahead:

My first advice was to try using PDFSurface, and set the file object to None.

# Record a red rectangle onto a surface.
#
# Create another surface and draw a background on it
# Draw the first surface onto this surface
#
from cairo import PDFSurface, ImageSurface, FORMAT_ARGB32, Context

recording = PDFSurface(None, 200, 200)
target = ImageSurface(FORMAT_ARGB32, 200, 200)

# Record a red rectangle
cr = Context(recording)
cr.set_source_rgb(1.0, 0.0, 1.0)
cr.rectangle(20, 20, 10, 10)

cr.fill_preserve()
cr.set_source_rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
cr.stroke()

target_context = Context(target)

# Draw background
target_context.set_source_rgb(1.0, 1.0, 0)
target_context.paint()

# Replay recording to target
target_context.set_source_surface(recording)
target_context.paint()

target.write_to_png('output.png')

That seems to work, except when I tried in Windows, when it complained that the file object was wrong.

OK, we can work round that:

def RecordingSurface(w, h):
    if os.name == 'nt':
        fobj = 'nul'
    else:
        fobj = None
    return PDFSurface(fobj, w, h)

This seems to be working, but my animation seemed slow… time for some benchmarking; I rendered 1000 frames and got a rough wall clock time:
1m48.

Hmm… perhaps SVGSurface will be quicker:
1m28

This is much better, 20 seconds difference just by changing what kind of surface is returned!

Animation not smooth though

The animation still seemed jerky it occured to me that when the surfaces are disposed they will attempt to out their content to the file object !

Luckily, get_similar_surface() comes to the rescue; it returns a surface not associated with a file object. Using this the original surface can be kept around forever, and never output.

Wallclock time:
50 seconds!

And here it is:

_svg_surface = None
def RecordingSurface(*size):
    '''
    We don't have RecordingSurfaces until cairo 1.10, so this kludge is used

    SVGSurfaces are created, but to stop them ever attempting to output, they
    are kept in a dict.

    When a surface is needed, create_similar is called to get a Surface from
    the SVGSurface of the same size
    '''
    global _svg_surface
    if os.name == 'nt':
        fobj = 'nul'
    else:
        fobj = None
    if _svg_surface is None:
        _svg_surface = SVGSurface(fobj, 0, 0)
    return _svg_surface.create_similar(cairo.CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA, *size)

This is really useful, you can record commands and play them back to other surfaces.

A simple cairo draw queue using closures

Posted on May 12, 2010 by stu

Often it’s useful to be able to store up drawing commands so you can use them later somewhere else (or even just pass them to another thread).

This is a simple drawing model, implemented in cairo, hopefully somebody will find it useful.

Queue

class DrawQueue:
    '''
    A list of draw commands, stored as callables that, are
    passed a set of parameters to draw on from the canvas
    implementation.
    '''
    def __init__(self, render_callables = None):
        self.render_callables = render_callables or deque()

    def append(self, render_callable):
        '''
        Add a render callable to the queue
        '''
        self.render_callables.append(render_callable)

    def render(self, cairo_ctx):
        '''
        Call all the render callables with cairo_ctx
        '''
        for render_callable in self.render_callables:
            render_callable(cairo_ctx)

The queue just accepts callables (any old function), and calls them when you call render, passing them a cairo context you pass in.

To get useful functions you can call closure functions like these:

def paint_closure():
    def paint(ctx):
        ctx.paint()
    return paint

def fill_closure():
    def fill(ctx):
        ctx.fill()
    return fill

def set_source_rgb_closure(r, g, b):
    def set_source_rgb(ctx):
        ctx.set_source_rgb(r, g, b)
    return set_source_rgb

def moveto_closure(x, y):
    def moveto(ctx):
        ctx.move_to(x, y)
    return moveto

def rectangle_closure(x, y, w, h):
    def rectangle(ctx):
        ctx.rectangle(x, y, w, h)
    return rectangle

Adding commands to the queue is simple:

dq = DrawQueue()
dq.append(set_source_rgb_closure(1, 1, 1))
dq.append(paint_closure())
dq.append(moveto_closure(10, 0))
dq.append(rectangle_closure(0, 0, 20, 20))
dq.append(set_source_rgb_closure(0, 0, 0))
dq.append(fill_closure())

This is the same drawing model I’m using in my branch of shoebot, I’m hoping to expand it to be multithreaded; while a foreground thread adds commands a background thread is executing them.

Here it is all put together in a simple example to draw a black rectangle

from collections import deque
import cairo

class DrawQueue:
    '''
    A list of draw commands, stored as callables that, are
    passed a set of parameters to draw on from the canvas
    implementation.
    '''
    def __init__(self, render_callables = None):
        self.render_callables = render_callables or deque()

    def append(self, render_callable):
        '''
        Add a render callable to the queue
        '''
        self.render_callables.append(render_callable)

    def render(self, cairo_ctx):
        '''
        Call all the render callables with cairo_ctx
        '''
        for render_callable in self.render_callables:
            render_callable(cairo_ctx)

#### drawing closures
def paint_closure():
    def paint(ctx):
        ctx.paint()
    return paint

def fill_closure():
    def fill(ctx):
        ctx.fill()
    return fill

def set_source_rgb_closure(r, g, b):
    def set_source_rgb(ctx):
        ctx.set_source_rgb(r, g, b)
    return set_source_rgb

def moveto_closure(x, y):
    def moveto(ctx):
        ctx.move_to(x, y)
    return moveto

def rectangle_closure(x, y, w, h):
    def rectangle(ctx):
        ctx.rectangle(x, y, w, h)
    return rectangle

#### /drawing closures

dq = DrawQueue()

# Add some commands to the drawing queue
dq.append(set_source_rgb_closure(1, 1, 1))
dq.append(paint_closure())
dq.append(moveto_closure(10, 0))
dq.append(rectangle_closure(0, 0, 20, 20))
dq.append(set_source_rgb_closure(0, 0, 0))
dq.append(fill_closure())

# Create a surface and context
surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, 200, 200)
ctx = cairo.Context(surface)

# run defered rendering
dq.render(ctx)

surface.write_to_png('output.png')

/dev/stu

Adding LOC to the web.

Monthly Archives: May 2010